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What is SPF?
SPF (Sender Policy Framework) is a DNS TXT record that lists all the IP addresses and domains authorized to send email on behalf of your domain.
When an email server receives a message, it checks the SPF record to verify the sender is authorized. This helps prevent spammers from forging your domain.
Understanding SPF Mechanisms
include: — Includes another domain's SPF record (counts as a lookup).
ip4: / ip6: — Authorizes specific IP addresses (doesn't count as a lookup).
a: — Authorizes the domain's A record IPs (counts as a lookup).
mx: — Authorizes the domain's mail server IPs (counts as a lookup).
-all / ~all / ?all — What to do with unauthorized senders (reject/softfail/neutral).
Related Tools
SPF is one part of email authentication. Combine with DMARC and DKIM for full protection.
Learn More About SPF
SPF 10 DNS Lookup Limit Explained
Why this limit exists and how to stay under it
How to Flatten Your SPF Record
Reduce lookups by flattening includes to IPs
SPF PermError: What It Means and How to Fix It
Troubleshoot permanent SPF errors
SPF Softfail vs Hardfail
~all vs -all: which should you use?
Can I Have Two SPF Records?
The answer, and what to do instead
SPF Troubleshooting Guide
Fix common SPF problems step by step
